When disputes concerning the crypto markets arise, they must be resolved within the boundaries of a legal system. Courts must determine jurisdiction, apply governing law and enforce judgments through territorially bounded mechanisms. The borderless nature of the technology creates a challenge for legal frameworks that generally determine their own jurisdiction based on territorial considerations.

In the crypto sector, given the cross-border and fluid nature of cryptoassets, and the informality often associated with trading, terms of service or other contractual matrices may fail to address forum effectively. Jurisdiction clauses may be omitted, poorly drafted or adopted without sufficient consideration of their practical…