Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed into law a federal bill introducing taxes on cryptocurrency transactions and officially recognizing cryptocurrencies as property.

According to the official document published on Nov. 29, the legislation imposes a personal income tax of 13%–15% on cryptocurrency sales and exempts mining operations from value-added tax.

Further, it mandates mining infrastructure operators to report details of their services to local authorities, with non-compliance resulting in fines of 40,000 rubles (approximately $383).

The bill also classifies digital currencies, including those used in foreign trade agreements under Russia’s experimental legal crypto regime, as property, granting…