Robinhood Markets (HOOD) delivered the strongest August performance among major financial stocks, surging 36% and leaving the broader sector far behind. The Financial Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLF) managed only a 0.54% gain over the same stretch. The rally pushed shares to $122.11 as the new week began, with the company now commanding a market capitalization near $109.79 billion.

Investors piled in after second-quarter results revealed a business transforming well beyond its discount-brokerage roots. Revenue climbed 32.5% from a year earlier to a record $1.31 billion, while earnings per share of $0.62 blew past the $0.44 consensus. Transaction-based revenue jumped 44% to $776 million, powered by event contracts, options, and…