Crypto exposure is not one investment: U.S. investors can hold digital assets directly, buy shares in publicly listed crypto-related companies or use funds and exchange-traded products, with each route carrying distinct risks.

The form of exposure determines what an investor owns. Buying a company’s shares does not give the shareholder direct ownership of crypto, and those shares can move independently of crypto prices. Funds and exchange-traded products also differ in structure and obligations; their prospectuses provide details about the products.

People holding crypto directly also face custody considerations. A compromised custody arrangement can permanently cut off access to assets. Taxes are another issue for people buying crypto.